FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR
The father of scientific management
Frederick Winslow Taylor was born on March 20, 1865 in Philadelphia,USA. He was graduated from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1883 as a mechanical engineer. He began working for Midvale Steel Works. While working there he started improving his management viewpoints. Later he and Maunsel White upgraded high speed steel. Robert Kanigel declared that ”During the first half of the twentieth century, Taylor became the paradigmatic American figure, bearer of a potent strain in modern life, decried by some, lauded by others, but always inescapably American”(1997,p.11). Taylor’s ideas influenced not only America but also Europe. According to a Finnish professor “The Taylor system is to Europe not only ‘an American lesson’ ”(in Kanigel, 1997, p.11). Taylor published The Principles of Scientific Management in 1911. “The influence of The Principles of Scientific Management went far beyond the industrial world itself, indeed, Taylor seems to have expressed in his book with almost visionary clarity the general spirit of his age” writes Hubert Zapf(in Kanigel, 1997, p.12). Taylor’s method is also referred to Taylorism. His scientific management consist four main assumptions:
1. The scientific study should take the place of rule-of-thumb work methods.
2. Each employee should be selected, instructed and advanced by scientific methods rather than leaving them to train themselves.
3. "Detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that worker's discrete task" (Montgomery 1997: 250) should be supplied.
4. The work should be separated almost equally between managers and employees so that managers would make the scientific management principles appropriate and employees present their responsibilities.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor
www.netmba.com/mgmt/scientific/
Kanigel,Robert(1997)-The One Best Way
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